AffiPCR® HPV genotypes 14 Quantitative Real Time PCR

Target Disease Type: HPV Associated Kits

Specific Application: High cancerogenic Risk HPV Screening

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HPV genotypes 14 RT-PCR Quant (CE) V67-100FRT DataSheet

INTRODUCTION

Genital infection with HPV is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) of viral etiology worldwide (20% - 46% in different countries in sexually active young women) . Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide, and a compelling body of clinical, epidemiological, molecular, and experimental evidence has established the etiological relationship between some sexually transmitted HPV genotypes and cervical neoplasia throughout the world. Based on the frequency of detection of HPV genotypes from different grades of Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia (CIN Grades I – III), HPV genotypes are subdivided into High-risk HPV types, Intermediate-risk types, and Low-risk types.

Several methods have been used to diagnose clinical or subclinical infection with HPVs including clinical observation, cytological screening by Pap smear, electron microscopy, immunocytochemistry, but these methods have some disadvantages such as non-standardization and subjectivity, insufficient sensitivity and low predictable value. The most perspective way of HPV diagnosis is a direct detection of DNA of the human papilloma virus of high carcinogenic risk by the polymerase chain reaction. While the value of the Pap smear in routine screening for cervical displasia is undisputed, it is now known that 99% of cases of cervical carcinoma are caused by infection with twelve genotypes of the human papilloma virus (HPV) . Identification of these high-risk genotypes is very valuable in the management of cervical carcinoma, both as a prognostic indicator and as a secondary screening test where results of a Pap smear are inconclusive. Results from the combination of the Pap smear and the HPV DNA test can aid in determining the intervals for screening.

The PCR-based methods have been used successfully for the detection and typing of genital HPV genotypes in clinical specimens such as cervical swabs or scrapes, cervicovaginal lavages, frozen biopsies and formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues.

INTENDED USE

kit HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant is an in vitro Real Time amplification test for quantitative or qualitative detection and genotyping of Human Papillomavirus in the urogenital swabs and biopsies.

PRINCIPLE OF ASSAY

kit HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant is based on two major processes: isolation of DNA from specimens and multiplex Real Time amplification of 4 PCR tubes for each sample. HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant detects the most widespread and oncogenic 14 genotypes of human papilloma virus with determination of clinical significance. Since the human papilloma virus is an intracellular agent, there is need to monitor the presence of cellular material in the sample, in order to avoid false-negative results. HPV Genotypes 14 Real-TM Quant kit contains the internal control (human beta-globin gene), which allows to control the presence of cellular material in the sample. If the swab is not correctly prepared (high quantity of mucous or insufficient quantity of epithelial cells) the Internal Control will not be detected.

It is known that the parameter of viral load has a prognostic value and the viral load less than 105 HPV genomic equivalents in the swab or 103 genomic equivalents for 105 cells is considered as insignificant and indicates the presence of transitory infection, however such level of load may have a value only in cases of treatment monitoring. Viral load of more than 105 genomic equivalents for 105 cells is considered to be important with high significance and indicates the existence of dysplastic changes or high risk of their occurrence. Quantitative detection of viral load allows to evaluate the character of the infection and to make a forecast concerning the stage of the disease.